Filip,
Pondered your message while going over pics taken during a cycle ride and walk : those pics, with a still camera, show excellent detail in the darker shadow tones, but for example white streetname signs can be washed out, as are the clouds : exactly the opposite of your action cam.
Looking at it from a design engineerâs point of view, would be guided by different aspects for a âDigital Still Cameraâ (the one which will be used intermittently for short exposures), and for an action camera which may be on for longer periods -even hours at a time- and aimed at rather brightly lit scenes - surf, snow, (reflections of) the sun.
When the sun shines on the lens, and thus on the sensor, youâd have the same effect as with a âbrandglasâ (Dutch word for a lens which focusses the sunâs rays on a minute area in order to heat that spot with the effect that -if its combustible- itâll eventually catch fire).
Another effect is that allowing a relatively large amount of energy (light is energy, think of solar panels) on to a small sensor for an extended period of time will heat the thing up, and accellerate chemical decay of the light sensitive elements.
From the design point of view would minimise the amount of light reaching the sensor, thus take the brightest area as the basis for the exposure : thatâd be the sky, which in all your pics seems well-exposed.
How to work around this? Find that aiming the camera somewhat down - say with the horizon at 1/3 from the upper edge - can be sufficient to get the camera to lighten up, as it were.
You might also search for what the Garmin manual refers to as EV-bias (and perhaps EV-lock) : please do try out and experiment, as Garminâs manuals are at times short on relevant detail.
Hope this helps, looking forward to your report on the results,
K